References Bushardt RL, Colomb-Lippa DM, Klinger AM, Reed H. The JAAPA QRS Review for PAs: Study Plan and Guide for PANCE and PANRE. 1st ed. LWW; 2021. ISBN: 9781975143817 Attaran RR, Edwards ML,…
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In this episode, we review hypertensive emergency, a life-threatening condition defined by severely elevated blood pressure accompanied by acute end-organ damage. We discuss the underlying…
In this episode, we review giant cell arteritis (GCA), an autoimmune large-vessel vasculitis that most commonly affects the temporal arteries and can lead to devastating ischemic complications if not…
In this episode, we review atrial flutter, a supraventricular tachyarrhythmia caused by a reentrant electrical circuit within the atria that produces the classic "sawtooth" flutter waves on EKG. We…
In this episode, we review rheumatic heart disease, a chronic valvular complication that develops after acute rheumatic fever following untreated Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis. We discuss the…
In this episode, we review cardiac tamponade, a life-threatening condition caused by rapid accumulation of fluid within the pericardial sac leading to impaired ventricular filling and hemodynamic…
n this episode, we review atrioventricular (AV) blocks, focusing on the mechanisms, EKG findings, clinical presentation, and management of first-, second-, and third-degree heart block. We discuss how…
In this episode, we review atrial septal defects (ASDs), one of the most common congenital heart defects characterized by persistent communication between the atria resulting in a left-to-right shunt.…
In this episode, we review atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, and discuss the underlying mechanisms driving its characteristic "irregularly irregular" rhythm. We…
